QEMU

QEMU (quick emulator) is a virtualization software to emulate hardware of a computer.

Installation
Image creation
CLI options
Key combinations
External links for further information

Installation

apt install qemu-system

Image creation

qemu-img create -f qcow2 debian10.qcow2 60G

CLI options

The configuration is specified using command line interface (CLI) options.
There is no configuration file.

Example

qemu-system-x86_64 \ -machine accel=kvm \ -m 2048 \ -cdrom debian-10.0.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso \ -display gtk,gl=on \ -vga virtio \ -audio pa,model=hda \ -nic user,model=e1000 \ debian10.qcow2

KVM

The kernel-based virtual machine (KVM) significantly accelerates the virtualization.
On the host, virtualization support needs to be enabled in BIOS settings.

-machine accel=kvm

RAM size for guest

-m megs

Image to install guest OS

-cdrom file

Video output on host

-display type

`type`	Description
`none`	Do not display video output
`gtk`	Display video output in a GTK window
`sdl`	Display video output via SDL
`egl-headless`	Offload all OpenGL operations to a local DRI device
`curses`	Display video output via curses
`spice-app`
`dbus`

Video card for guest

-vga type

`type`	Description	Comment
`none`	Disable VGA card
`std`	Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions	Default; Works well for Windows XP and Windows 7
`cirrus`	Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card
`vmware`	VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter
`qxl`	QXL paravirtual graphic card
`virtio`	Virtio VGA card	Needed for GL acceleration; Works well for Linux

GL acceleration

-display gtk,gl=on -vga=virtio
Unfortunately, -display gtk,gl=on does not work with NVIDIA proprietary drivers.
The display stays black. Tested combinations:
- qemu 3.1.0 and nvidia-driver 440.82
- qemu 4.1.0 and nvidia-driver 390.132
-display sdl,gl=on -vga=virtio

Audio output on host and sound card for guest

-audio driver=driver,model=model

`driver`	Description	Comment
`none`	Discard all audio outputs
`alsa`	ALSA	Only on Linux
`oss`	OSS	Available on Unix-like systems
`pa`	PulseAudio
`sdl`	SDL
`sndio`	SNDIO	Available on OpenBSD
`spice`	Send audio through SPICE
`wav`	Write a WAV file
`dbus`
`jack`

`model`	Description	Comment
`ac97`	Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio
`adlib`	Yamaha YM3812 (OPL2)
`cs4231a`	CS4231A
`es1370`	ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370	Works well for Windows XP
`gus`	Gravis Ultrasound GF1
`hda`	Intel HD Audio
`sb16`	Creative Sound Blaster 16

User-mode network

-nic user

Description	IPv4
Guest	10.0.2.15
Gateway / DHCP server	10.0.2.2
DNS server	10.0.2.3
SMB server (optional)	10.0.2.4

Restrict network access

-nic user,restrict=on

Share directory via SMB

-nic user,smb=dir

Host port forwarding to guest

-nic user,hostfwd=tcp::hostport-:guestport

Network card for guest

-nic user,model=modelname

`modelname`	Description	Comment
`e1000`	Intel Gigabit Ethernet	Default
`e1000-82544gc`
`e1000-82545em`
`e1000e`
`i82550`	Intel 8255x 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
`i82551`
`i82557a`
`i82557b`
`i82557c`
`i82558a`
`i82558b`
`i82559a`
`i82559b`
`i82559c`
`i82559er`
`i82562`	Intel Fast Ethernet Controller
`i82801`
`ne2k_pci`	NE2000	Works well for Windows XP
`pcnet`	AMD Ethernet Card
`pvrdma`
`rtl8139`	Realtek Fast Ethernet	Works well for Windows 7
`rulip`
`virtio-net-pci`
`virtio-net-pci-non-transitional`
`virtio-net-pci-transitional`
`vmxnet3`

Use image read-only

-snapshot

Key combinations

Ctrl-Alt-g	Release mouse pointer
Ctrl-Alt-f	Toggle full screen
Ctrl-Alt-u	Restore the screen's unscaled size
Ctrl-Alt-2	Switch to QEMU console
Ctrl-Alt-1	Switch to guest display

External links for further information

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2023-06-14

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